Lack of assent to dental examination in children with intellectual disabilities: Dentists' practices in Europe and ethical issues.

AIM: (1) To determine the repartition of criteria which can be considered as marks of lack of assent by the child with intellectual disabilities from the dentist's point of view and whether that influences the decision to examine the patient or not. (2) To explain the decision of practitioners and determine the ethical implications of these practices. METHODS: An anonymous and structured questionnaire was distributed online using the scenario of a 9-year-old child with moderate cognitive impairment with eight different oppositional behaviours. The practitioners were asked about their perception of the patient's lack of assent and about their decision to perform the dental examination or not. RESULTS: The proportion of them who performed a dental examination despite the patient's refusal represented between 13% and 28.8% of the population of respondents. CONCLUSION: There was an ambivalence among the practitioners who carried out a dental consultation when children were uncooperative. They adopted a teleological point of view. It calls for us to reflect on the ethical principles of autonomy and beneficence.

Assessing the performance of Bing Chat artificial intelligence: Dental exams, clinical guidelines, and patients' frequent questions.

OBJECTIVES: Bing Chat is a large language model artificial intelligence (AI) with online search and text generating capabilities. This study assessed its performance within the scope of dentistry in: (a) tackling exam questions for dental students, (ii) providing guidelines for dental practitioners, and (iii) answering patients' frequently asked questions. We discuss the potential of clinical tutoring, common patient communication and impact on academia. METHODS: With the aim of assessing AI's performance in dental exams, Bing Chat was presented with 532 multiple-choice questions and awarded scores based on its answers. In evaluating guidelines for clinicians, a further set of 15 questions, each with 2 follow-up questions on clinical protocols, was presented to the AI. The answers were assessed by 4 reviewers using electronic visual analog scale. In evaluating answers to patients' frequently asked questions, another list of 15 common questions was included in the session, with respective outputs assessed. RESULTS: Bing Chat correctly answered 383 out of 532 multiple-choice questions in dental exam part, achieving a score of 71.99 %. As for outlining clinical protocols for practitioners, the overall assessment score was 81.05 %. In answering patients' frequently asked questions, Bing Chat achieved an overall mean score of 83.8 %. The assessments demonstrated low inter-rater reliability. CONCLUSIONS: The overall performance of Bing Chat was above the regularly adopted passing scores, particularly in answering patient's frequently asked questions. The generated content may have biased sources. These results suggest the importance of raising clinicians' awareness of AI's benefits and risks, as well as timely adaptations of dental education curricula, and safeguarding its use in dentistry and healthcare in general. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Bing Chat AI performed above the passing threshold in three categories, and thus demonstrated potential for educational assistance, clinical tutoring, and answering patients' questions. We recommend popularizing its benefits and risks among students and clinicians, while maintaining awareness of possible false information.

Commercializing equitable, accessible oral microbiome transplantation therapy.

Chronic oral diseases, such as caries and periodontal disease, may, in future, be treated by oral microbiome transplant (OMT) technology. OMT therapy would involve collecting a donor oral microbiome and transplanting into a recipient to either prevent or treat oral diseases linked to a change (i.e., dysbiosis) in the oral microbiome. Given the great promise of this technology, we must consider the ethical and practical implications of how it is developed to maximise its accessibility and affordability. Here, we examine ways that OMT technology might be commercialized in the context of equity and accessibility in both clinical or do-it-yourself settings. We do this while assuming that the technology can be developed for humans in ways that are safe and effective at the individual and population-levels. We highlight the need for OMT therapy to be 1) cost-effective, 2) understood by end users and clinicians, 3) easy to access even in rural or remote communities, and 4) providing donors equitable compensation for their microbiomes. These key elements will only be achieved through partnerships between scientists, clinicians, investors and stakeholders throughout development. Therefore, proper acknowledgement and equitable evaluation of contributions in this team will also be critical to ensuring that this technology can be globally accessed. While OMT is likely to reshape how we prevent or treat oral disease, consciously guiding its development toward equity and accessibility to all people may significantly aid in improving health for those without access to dental care.

Patient and clinician perspectives on implant dentistry decision aid content: Results from an enhanced Delphi study.

PURPOSE: To investigate patient and clinician perspectives on what is considered important to include in a decision aid for replacement of a missing tooth with an implant. METHODS: An online modified Delphi method with pair comparisons technique was used to survey participants (66 patients, 48 prosthodontists, 46 periodontists, and 31 oral surgeons) in Ontario, Canada from November 2020 to April 2021 regarding the importance of information provided during an implant consultation. Round one included 19 items derived from the literature and informed consent protocols. The decision to retain an item was based on group consensus, defined as at least 75% of participants identifying the item as "important" or "highly important." After analysis of round one results, a second-round survey was sent to all participants to rank the relative importance of the consensus items. Statistical testing was completed using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance test and post hoc Mann-Whitney U tests with a significance level set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The first and second surveys had response rates of 77.0% and 45.6%, respectively. In round one, all items except purpose of steps reached group consensus. In round two, the highest group ranked items were patient responsibilities for treatment success and follow-ups after treatment. The lowest group ranked items were cost factors and restorative steps. Significant differences between the stakeholder groups were found on several items, including diagnosis (p ≤ 0.00), non-implant options (p ≤ 0.00), and cost (p ≤ 0.01). In general, patients' opinions were significantly different than clinicians' opinions on the relative importance of items. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians and patients feel that multiple items are important to include in a decision aid for implant therapy; however, differences exist between patients and clinicians on the relative importance of items.

A oferta dos conteúdos de Odontologia Legal no ensino superior do estado do Paraná / The provision of Forensic Dentistry content in higher education in the state of Paraná

Com as crescentes ações indenizatórias e infrações cometidas no meio odontológico, para que cirurgiões dentistas exerçam sua profissão de forma segura, a odontologia legal deve ser abordada nas Faculdades de odontologia. O presente estudo analisou os currículos dos cursos de Odontologia das faculdades do estado do Paraná, avaliando se estão adequadas às diretrizes do ensino da Odontologia Legal, propostas pela ABOL e ABENO. Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva de análise documental dos dados coletados de IES do Paraná cadastradas no e-MEC. O levantamento das informações ocorreu no período entre junho e agosto de 2021. Foi feita a análise dos currículos em comparação com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais e com as diretrizes da ABENO e ABOL. Todas as 30 IES que disponibilizam as informações completas para estudo possuem em seu currículo ao menos uma disciplina relacionada ao conteúdo de Odontologia Legal, com carga horária média para Odontologia Legal de 60,1h. Destas, 26 (86,7%) IES ofertam apenas uma disciplina de Odontologia Legal. O Oeste paranaense (69h) e a região metropolitana de Curitiba (68,9h) obtiveram as maiores médias de horas para a disciplina e o Sudoeste paranaense a menor (39,5h). As IES do Estado do Paraná oferecem conteúdo de Odontologia Legal com carga horária abaixo da recomendada pelas diretrizes ABOL/ABENO. A grande maioria das IES oferece apenas uma disciplina que aborda conteúdos de Odontologia Legal.

With the growing claims for damages and infractions committed in the dental field, legal dentistry must be addressed in Dental Schools for dentists to exercise their profession safely. The present study analyzed the curricula of Dentistry courses at colleges in the state of Paraná, assessing whether they are adequate to the teaching guidelines of Forensic Dentistry, proposed by ABOL and ABENO. Descriptive document analysis research was carried out, and data collected from HEIs in Paraná was registered in the e-MEC. The survey of information took place between June and August 2021. The curricula were analyzed in comparison with the National Curriculum Guidelines and with the ABENO and ABOL guidelines. All 30 HEIs that provide complete information for study have in their curriculum at least one discipline related to the content of Forensic Dentistry, with an average workload for Forensic Dentistry of 60.1 hours. Of these, 26 (86.7%) HEIs offer only one course in Forensic Dentistry. West Paraná (69h) and the metropolitan region of Curitiba (68.9h) obtained the highest average hours for the discipline and Southwest Paraná had the lowest (39.5h). HEIs in the State of Paraná offer Forensic Dentistry content with a workload below what the ABOL/ABENO guidelines recommended. The vast majority of HEIs offer only one discipline that addresses Forensic Dentistry content.

Suggestion for Determining Treatment Strategies in Dental Ethics.

Contemporary medicine views health as the individual's physical, mental, and social well-being. Oral health plays a crucial role in one's well-being, as the oral cavity and its surrounding regions execute essential functions in verbal and nonverbal communication, sensing, digestion, and significantly contribute to aesthetic appearance. The multifaceted nature of the notion of oral health, as well as the patient's needs and autonomous will result in various treatment options for the same oral state, favouring often contrasting ethical values and different aspects of oral health. The objective of this article is to suggest alternative treatment strategies in dentistry with respect to the following factors: extent of rehabilitation, preserving one's anatomical structures, aesthetic outcome, number of sessions, patient autonomy. Additionally, this article describes the suggested treatment strategies in an ethical context and determines the conditions of their employment. The suggested treatment strategies are divided in two categories, extensive treatment strategies focusing on the patient's entire craniofacial complex, while specific treatment strategies focus on specific paramount issues.

The recent ethics boom in dentistry-moral fig leaf, fleeting trend or professional awakening?

OBJECTIVES: "Ethics in dentistry" seems to be gaining importance as more and more dental institutions, professional associations and dental schools are addressing ethical issues. The aim of this paper is to highlight this ongoing development and to analyze and evaluate its relevance for future dentistry and the dental profession. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A qualitative analysis of literature and Internet sources served as the methodological basis. Recent trends were first illustrated using striking examples and then compared with the status quo in medicine and the medical profession, where ethics have a long professional tradition. It is discussed to what extent it seems worthwhile to transfer existing structures and initiatives in medicine to dentistry. RESULTS: There is a broad variety of ethical announcements and initiatives in international dentistry (e.g., dental codes of ethics, adjustments to dental licensure regulations, professional publications, textbooks, awards, podcasts). It should be noted that ethical issues arise not only in life-threatening situations, but also in everyday dental practice. Existing ethical structures in medicine can be adapted or provide guidance for education, clinical practice and research. CONCLUSIONS: Teaching ethical competence in dental education, clinical practice and research can make an important contribution to the professionalization of dentists-quite similar to medicine. Furthermore, a broad integration of ethics in dentistry strengthens the public image of dentists. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dealing confidently with ethical issues is a key competence for successful work as a dentist-both in practice and in science.

Dental students' empathy levels and opinions about attributes for "good dentist": a cohort study

Empathy is fundamental to the physician-patient relationship and influences the clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the dental students' empathy levels and to compare their opinions on attributes of a "good dentist". This cohort research was included 79 dental students volunteering to participate in the study at a public university. The data were collected by the Dökmen's Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS) and Empathic Skill Scale (ESS). In this study, from the orientation day to the end of the third-year, the dental students' ETS mean scores (respectively 69.59 and 68.34) and ESS mean scores (respectively 142.53 and 140.00) showed a decline. At the end of the third-year, starting clinical rotations and taking patient responsibility may lead to decrease the empathy levels of students. The findings of our study show that female students have higher empathy tendency and skill scores compared to male students (p<0.001). In the ranking of the attributes required to be a good dentist, empathy was ranked 4th by the first-year students, while final-years students placed empathy in second rank (p<0.05). According to these results, it is possible to claim that the dentist candidates realized that being empathetic is necessary to be a good dentist.

La empatía es fundamental para la relación médico-paciente e influye en los resultados clínicos. El objetivo de este estudio de cohorte -que incluyó a 79 estudiantes de odontología de una universidad pública que se ofrecieron como voluntarios- fue determinar los niveles de empatía de los estudiantes de odontología y comparar sus opiniones sobre los atributos de un "buen dentista". Los datos se recogieron mediante las Escalas de Tendencia Empática (ETE) y Habilidad Empática (EHE) de Dökmen. Desde el día de orientación hasta el final del tercer año, los puntajes medios ETE de los estudiantes de odontología (69.59 y 68.34, respectivamente) y los puntajes medios de EHE (142.53 y 140.00, respectivamente) mostraron una disminución. Según la literatura, al final del tercer grado, iniciar rotaciones clínicas y asumir la responsabilidad del paciente puede llevar a disminuir los niveles de empatía de los estudiantes. Los hallazgos de nuestro estudio muestran que las estudiantes tienen una mayor tendencia a la empatía y puntajes de habilidad en comparación con los estudiantes (p<0.001). En el ranking de los atributos requeridos para ser un buen dentista, la empatía ocupó el cuarto puesto en estudiantes de primer año, mientras que los de último año colocaron la empatía en segundo lugar (p<0.05). De acuerdo con estos resultados, es posible afirmar que los candidatos a dentistas se dieron cuenta de que ser empáticos es necesario para ser un buen dentista.

A empatia é fundamental na relação médico-paciente e influencia os resultados clínicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os níveis de empatia de estudantes de odontologia e comparar suas opiniões sobre os atributos de um "bom dentista". Esta pesquisa de coorte contou com 79 estudantes de odontologia voluntários para participar do estudo em uma universidade pública. Os dados foram coletados pela Escala de Tendência Empática (ETE) de Dökmen e Escala de Habilidades Empáticas (EHE). Neste estudo, desde o dia da orientação até o final do terceiro ano, os escores médios do ETE dos alunos de odontologia (respectivamente 69,59 e 68,34) e os escores médios do EHE (respectivamente 142,53 e 140,00) apresentaram declínio. No final da terceira série, iniciar os rodízios clínicos e assumir a responsabilidade do paciente pode levar à diminuição dos níveis de empatia dos alunos. Os achados do nosso estudo mostram que os alunos do sexo feminino apresentam maior tendência à empatia e pontuações de habilidades em comparação aos alunos do sexo masculino (p<0,001). No ranking dos atributos necessários para ser um bom dentista, a empatia foi classificada em 4º lugar pelos alunos do primeiro ano, enquanto os alunos do último año colocaram a empatia em segundo lugar (p<0,05). De acordo com esses resultados, é possível afirmar que os candidatos a dentista perceberam que ser empático é necessário para ser um bom dentista.

Psiconeurodontologia, (bio)decodificação dental e os mil e um nomes para o charlatanismo odontológico no século XXI: uma revisão de escopo / Psychoneurodontology, dental (bio)decoding and a thousand terms for odontological charlatanism in the 21st century: a scoping review

Junto às tecnologias que surgem para aprimorar a Odontologia mundial, emergem temáticas que progressivamente prosperam no obscuro e na incerteza. Tais "áreas odontológicas" se caracterizam por uma roupagem prolixa e de alto apelo público (como por meio de inferências sobre o emocional e os mistérios do corpo humano). Em tempos de disseminação da psiconeurodontologia e (bio)decodificação dental, assim como da incerteza acerca de sua confiabilidade, faz-se imperativa a busca pela fundamentação científica que sustenta esta temática. Para isto, foi realizada uma revisão de escopo seguindo as recomendações do PRISMA-ScR e JBI. Uma ampla busca foi realizada em cinco bases de dados e em parte da literatura cinza. Não houve restrição quanto ao ano de publicação e nem quanto ao idioma. Os dados foram coletados e expostos na forma narrativa/descritiva. De maneira complementar, utilizou-se a ferramenta JBI para avaliação da qualidade metodológica. A busca resultou em 4.785 registros iniciais, dos quais somente dois foram classificados como elegíveis. Ambos os estudos foram detectados a partir da literatura cinzenta e consistiam em trabalhos peruanos de conclusão de curso em nível de graduação (Bacharelado) em Odontologia. Os trabalhos aferiam a ocorrência de lesão de cárie em quadrantes de dentes permanentes e decíduos e correlacionavam com um questionário psicoemocional. Os dois trabalhos concluíram em prol da aplicação da psiconeurodontologia e da (bio)decodificação dental como ferramentas adicionais ao armamentário diagnóstico do Cirurgião-dentista. Detectou-se alto risco de viés, em especial acerca das limitações metodológicas dos estudos elegíveis. Tendo em vista os métodos e resultados observados nos estudos elegíveis, pode-se concluir que não há fundamentação científica na psiconeurodontologia ou na (bio)decodificação dental, muito menos validade e confiabilidade para a sua aplicação na prática clínica odontológica atual

Along with the technologies that emerged to improve Dentistry worldwide, there are themes that progressively dive into darkness and uncertainty. Such "dental areas" are characterized by a verbose approach and strong public appeal (such as through inferences about the emotions and mysteries of the human body). In times of dissemination of psychoneurodontology and dental (bio)decoding, as well as uncertainty about their reliability, the search for alleged scientific foundations that support this theme is imperative. To this end, a scoping review was carried out following the recommendations of PRISMA-ScR and JBI. A broad search was carried out in five databases and part of the gray literature. There was no restriction on the year of publication or language. Data were collected and presented in narrative/descriptive form. Complementarily, the JBI tool was used to assess methodological quality. The search resulted in 4.785 initial records, of which only two were classified as eligible. Both studies were detected from the gray literature and consisted of Peruvian studies at Bachelor's degree in Dentistry. The studies measured the occurrence of caries lesions in quadrants of permanent and deciduous teeth and correlated them with a psychoemotional questionnaire. The two studies concluded in favor of the application of psychoneurodontology and dental (bio)decoding as additional tools to the dental surgeon's diagnostic armamentarium. A high risk of bias was detected, especially regarding the methodological limitations of the eligible studies. Considering the methods and results observed in the eligible studies, it can be concluded that there is no scientific basis in psychoneurodontology or dental (bio)decoding, as well as lack of validity and reliability for its application in current clinical dental practice

A família das facetas dentais sob a visão da Odontologia Legal / Ethical issues of dental veneers

A faceta dental é um procedimento executado há muito tempo e com os avanços dos materiais e técnicas apresenta-se com frequência como uma opção para alterar a estética dentária, refletindo na aparência do sorriso. Apareceram novas terminologias ligadas às facetas dentais aumentando a oferta e a procura por tais procedimentos. Na sequência, as indicações das facetas dentais aumentaram, bem como as sobre-indicações e os problemas éticos e legais. Enquanto as facetas dentais podem ser uma opção válida e interessante quando bem indicadas e conduzidas, é importante que os profissionais da odontologia estejam cientes de que, por mais avançados que sejam os materiais utilizados, eles não podem substituir os tecidos dentais que são desgastados no preparo do dente. Assim, é essencial que o dentista seja capaz de indicar e contraindicar o procedimento de facetas dentais com base em critérios técnicos e éticos, em vez de se deixar levar por modismos ou vontades do paciente. Uma vez que um profissional decida realizar um tratamento com facetas dentais, ele é o responsável pelo procedimento, mesmo que tenha sido feito exclusivamente a pedido do paciente. O Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido deve ser personalizado para o caso com o claro registro do entendimento do paciente, bem como a autorização para o tratamento. Deve-se buscar a filosofia da odontologia minimamente invasiva, respeitando os requisitos técnicos e legais na execução das facetas dentais e considerando sempre o bem-estar do paciente no longo prazo

The use of dental veneers has increased in recent years due to advancements in materials and techniques, which have made it a frequent option for enhancing dental esthetics and improving smiles. However, the rise in the number of veneer procedures has also resulted in an increase in overtreatment and ethical/legal concerns. While dental veneers can be an effective solution for improving the appearance of teeth, it is important for dental professionals to be aware that they are not as good as the dental tissue that may need to be removed during preparation. Dentists must use their technical and ethical expertise to determine whether veneers are appropriate for a patient, based on their individual needs and expectations. Patient desires and trends should not be the sole determining factors. If a dental professional decides to proceed with a veneer treatment, they are responsible for ensuring that it is conducted using minimally invasive dentistry techniques and in accordance with technical and ethical principles. A customized Informed Consent Term is mandatory for each situation. The long-term wellbeing of the patient should be the top priority throughout the process

Ensino da Odontologia Legal nos cursos de graduação em odontologia do estado de Santa Catarina e suas implicações / Teaching Forensic Dentistry in undergraduate dentistry courses in the state of Santa Catarina and your implications

A Odontologia Legal é uma área de conhecimento importante para a formação de profissionais mais conscientes e pautados em princípios éticos e legais. O presente estudo objetivou verificar se as escolas de Odontologia do Estado de Santa Catarina se adequaram às diretrizes sugeridas pela ABOL, por meio de análise documental do projeto pedagógico de curso (PPC), matriz curricular e/ou ementa de disciplinas. Das 18 IES com graduação em odontologia de Santa Catarina, 14 disponibilizaram a documentação de interesse do estudo. Todas as 14 ofertam disciplinas que abordam conteúdo de Deontologia e Diceologia e Orientação Profissional e 13 ofertam a disciplina de Odontologia Legal em seus currículos. Na maioria das IES as disciplinas têm carga horária abaixo das 60h recomendadas. As disciplinas que tratam de Deontologia e Diceologia e Orientação Profissional são ofertadas, antes das práticas clínicas em 36% das IES. Em 79% das IES a disciplina de Odontologia Legal é ofertada nos períodos finais da graduação. O estudo mostra que nenhuma IES de SC conseguiu adequar completamente seus currículos às diretrizes propostas pela ABOL e ABENO

Forensic Dentistry is an important area of knowledge for training professionals who are more aware and based on ethical and legal principles. The present study aimed to verifies whether the schools of Dentistry in the State of Santa Catarina have complied with the guidelines suggested by ABOL, through documental analysis of the pedagogical project of the course (PPC), curricular matrix and/or course syllabus. Of the 18 HEIs with a degree in dentistry in Santa Catarina, 14 provided documentation of interest to the study. All 14 institutions offer courses that address the content of Deontology and Professional Ethics and 13 offers the discipline of Forensic Dentistry in their curricula. In most HEIs, subjects have a workload below the recommended 60 hours. Disciplines dealing with Deontology and Diceology and Professional Guidance are offered before clinical practices in 36% of HEIs. In 79% of the HEIs, the discipline of Forensic Dentistry is offered in the final periods of graduation. The study shows that none of the HEIs in SC managed to completely adapt their curricula to the guidelines proposed by ABOL and ABENO

Exigência do código da CID em atestado: embasamento legal e análise da jurisprudência atual / ICD code requirement in medical statement: legal basis and analysis of current jurisprudence

A Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde (CID) é uma forma globalmente padronizada para fornecer informações cruciais sobre as doenças, suas causas e consequências, colaborando para criar políticas de saúde e laborais. Porém, sua divulgação compulsória por parte de profissionais da saúde pode expor o empregado e sua privacidade. Neste contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho é analisar as decisões publicadas nos últimos dez anos, julgadas em última instância pelo Tribunal Superior do Trabalho (TST) e o entendimento dos magistrados sobre o assunto, as leis utilizadas no embasamento e a distribuição dos processos com esse teor. Foi realizada uma pesquisa no site do TST com os termos "exigência" "CID" "atestado" "médico" entre os anos de 2012 e 2022. Foram encontradas 18 decisões, 94% delas das regiões Sul e Sudeste do país. Quase 70% são desfavoráveis à exigência da CID em atestados, tendo como base a Constituição Federal (CF), resoluções do Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM) e o Código Civil (CC). Conclui-se que as decisões relacionadas à exigência do código da CID estão concentradas em tribunais do Sul e do Sudeste, sendo os anos entre 2015 e 2019 com o maior número de ocorrências. Há uma predominância pela não exigência do código da CID em 12 das 18 decisões, sendo o argumento mais utilizado o sigilo e privacidade garantidos pela CF e Códigos de Ética Médica e de Ética Odontológica. As que se mostraram a favor predominantemente citam a súmula 122 do TST

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems (ICD) is the global standard for diagnostic health information, providing key information about diseases, their causes, and consequences, leading to improvement on public and labor health. Its disclosure may expose employers when required by employers. Based on this context, the aim of this study is to analyze decisions law decisions and judgments reports from the Federal Labor Court between 2012 and 2022, the understanding of judges on the subject, the basis and distribution of decisions in this matter. Research was conducted on Superior Labor Court of Brazil website, using the keywords in Portuguese "requirement", "ICD", "statement" and "medical" between 2012 and 2022. It was found 18 judgments, 94% from South and Southeast of Brazil. Almost 70% of them were against the requirement of ICD code in medical statement, basing their decisions on our Federal Constitution (FC), resolutions of the Federal Medical Council (FMC) and Civil Code (CC). In conclusion, the Brazilian Law understands that the employee's privacy when seeking for medical help is above the employer's requirement. It is believed the new General Data Protection Law (GDPL) may reinforce this common Legal Knowledge and help footing new orders

Professionalism and professional identity formation in dental students: Revisiting the professional role orientation inventory (PROI).

OBJECTIVE: Professionalism is a hallmark of health professions education. Professional identity formation is a growing field of exploration in medical education, and the dental literature is sparse on just how professional identity formation is developed and assessed within dental education. METHODS: The validated professional role orientation inventory (PROI) was administered to 2nd year dental students during a spring semester ethics course. The PROI includes four 10-item scales representing four attitudinal factors: Authority, Responsibility, Agency, and Autonomy. RESULTS: When compared to a historical sample of dental students in the early 1990s, dental students today scored significantly higher on Responsibility (p = 0.0309) and lower on the Agency factor (p = 0.0001). Authority scores in the current sample of dental students were significantly associated with age and race, with an increase in age associated with a decrease in Authority (p = 0.0504) and Caucasian respondents demonstrating significantly higher scores than Asian or Other races. Debt was associated with differences in Autonomy (p = 0.0683) and Agency (p = 0.0106), with those in the 100k-300k anticipated debt range demonstrating lower levels of both Autonomy and Agency. Race was marginally associated with Responsibility with those in the Other race category (Hispanic, Black/African American, Other/Multiracial) demonstrating higher levels than Caucasian (p = 0.0513). CONCLUSION: Dental students' scores denote a continued commitment to others yet a feeling of less sense of control as a practicing professional. A redefining of professionalism to include social activism and advancing health equity is required given their altruism and commitment to others, which remains high.

Estratégias de publicidade por áreas de atuação odontológica na rede social Instagram® / Advertising strategies by dental practice areas on the social network Instagram®

Introdução: O Instagram® é a quarta rede social mais popular em todo o mundo para criar e compartilhar conteúdos editáveis e a mais utilizada para buscar serviços de saúde. Considerando que as redes sociais estão cada vez mais interligadas com a Odontologia e o mercado de trabalho, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi classificar as estratégias de publicidade utilizadas na rede social Instagram® pelos cirurgiões-dentistas nas áreas de atuação. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal e retrospectivo. Os dados foram prospectados a partir de hashtags relacionadas à Odontologia, em dois períodos diferentes (janeiro/2022) e (março/2022). As postagens foram identificadas por áreas odontológicas e as imagens e/ou legendas classificadas de acordo com a estratégia de publicidade utilizada e realizou-se uma análise descritiva. Resultados: Em relação à imagem, de 1.111 posts, 87,1% (n=965) utilizaram apenas uma estratégia de publicidade e 12,9% de duas a cinco estratégias na mesma postagem. Quanto à legenda, de 529 publicações, 48,4% (n=256) corresponderam a uma estratégia e 51,6% (n=273) de duas até quatro simultaneamente. As estratégias mais frequentes na imagem foram 'lembranças de serviços odontológicos' (29,5%) e 'antes e depois' (16,1%) e, na legenda 'explicativo' (40,1%) e 'lembranças de serviços odontológicos' (31,7%). Conclusão: Áreas que valorizam o resultado estético alcançado, como odontologia integrada, harmonização orofacial, dentística, periodontia, ortodontia e prótese exploram mais o 'antes e depois', enquanto que outras áreas relacionadas ao tratamento e prevenção de doenças estão mais relacionadas a 'lembranças de serviços odontológicos'

Introduction: Instagram® is the fourth most popular social network worldwide to create and share editable content and the most used to search for health services. Considering that social networks are increasingly intertwined with Dentistry and the job market, the objective of this research was to classify the advertising strategies used in the social network Instagram® by dentists in their areas of expertise. Material and method: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional and retrospective study. Data were prospected from hashtags related to Dentistry, in two different periods (January/2022) and (March/2022). The posts were identified by dental areas and the images and/or captions classified according to the advertising strategy used and a descriptive analysis was carried out. Results: Regarding the image, of 1,111 posts, 87.1% (n=965) used only one advertising strategy and 12.9% used two to five strategies in the same post. As for the caption, of 529 publications, 48.4% (n=256) corresponded to one strategy and 51.6% (n=273) from two to four simultaneously. The most frequent strategies in the image were 'souvenirs of dental services' (29.5%) and 'before and after' (16.1%) and, in the caption 'explanatory' (40.1%) and 'souvenirs of dental services ' (31.7%). Conclusion: Areas that value the aesthetic result achieved, such as integrated dentistry, orofacial harmonization, dentistry, periodontics, orthodontics and prosthesis explore more the 'before and after', while other areas related to the treatment and prevention of diseases are more related to 'memories of dental services'

Conselhos Federal e Regionais de Odontologia e a ausência de padronização do termo de ajustamento de conduta (TAC) nos processos éticos / Federal and Regional Councils of Dentistry and the non-standardization of the Conduct Adjustment Term (CAT) in ethical proceedings

Por força do que estabelece a Lei 4.324/1964, incumbe aos Conselhos Regionais de Odontologia a prerrogativa de processar eticamente os inscritos que tenham descumprido as normas éticas odontológicas. Admite-se que esta apuração ética pode ser suspensa ou interrompida em razão da assinatura de Termo de Ajustamento de Conduta (TAC). O TAC possui previsão legal na Lei 7.347/1985. O Conselho Federal de Odontologia não possui nenhuma norma específica disciplinando o TAC. Em razão desta lacuna normativa, o presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar se os CROs possuem algum tipo de regulamentação para o TAC. Buscou-se, então, tais documentos nos sites dos 27 CROs. Quando o CRO não apresentava nenhum documento sobre o TAC em seu site, foi solicitado por e-mail, resultando na existência de TAC em 18 CROs (AL, CE, DF, ES, GO, MA, MT, MG, PA, PB, PR, PE, RS, RJ, SC, SP, SE, TO), 02 CROs possuem apenas um modelo de aplicação (AM, BA) e 07 CROs não possuem TAC (AC, AP, MS, PI, RN, RO, RR). Sendo assim, a amostra analisada foi composta de 18 normas específicas e 02 modelos de TAC. Como ainda não há norma do CFO sobre o TAC, e cada CRO disciplina o TAC à sua própria maneira, é importante que o CFO elabore e publique norma relativa ao TAC, revogando as normas dos CROs, garantindo, assim, a todos os inscritos os mesmos direitos e garantias processuais

Pursuant to the provisions of Law 4.324/1964, the Regional Councils of Dentistry have the prerogative of ethically prosecuting those enrolled who have failed to comply with ethical dental standards. It is accepted that this ethical investigation may be suspended or interrupted due to the execution of the Conduct Adjustment Term (CAT). The CAT has a legal provision in Law 7.347/1985. The Federal Council of Dentistry does not have any specific rule governing the CAT. Due to this normative gap, the present study aimed to verify if RCDs have some type of regulation for CAT. We then searched for such documents on the websites of the 27 RCDs. When the RCD did not present any document about the CAT on its website, it was requested by email, resulting in the existence of CATs in 18 RCDs (AL, CE, DF, ES, GO, MA, MT, MG, PA, PB, PR, PE, RS, RJ, SC, SP, SE, TO), 02 RCDs have only one application model (AM, BA) and 07 RCDs do not have CAT (AC, AP, MS, PI, RN, RO, RR ). Therefore, the analyzed sample was composed of 18 specific norms and 02 RCD models. As there is still no FCD rule on CAT, and each RDC disciplines the CAT in its own way, it is important that the FCD develops and publishes a rule related to the CAT, revoking the rules of the RCDs, thus guaranteeing to all registrants the same procedural rights and guarantees

Teleodontologia e Resolução CFO-226/2020: aspectos éticos e legais frente à pandemia de COVID-19 / Teledentistry and Resolution CFO-226/2020: ethical and legal aspects facing the COVID-19 pandemic

A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) decretou, em março de 2020, o estado de pandemia decorrente do novo Coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2). Nesse cenário, a teleodontologia se destacou como mecanismo de promoção da assistência odontológica durante o período mais crítico da pandemia. O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, os aspectos éticos e legais pertinentes ao uso da teleodontologia no Brasil. A teleodontologia já era utilizada no Brasil antes da pandemia de COVID-19, porém não era regulamentada pelo Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO). Em 4 de junho de 2020 foi promulgada a Resolução CFO-226/2020, regulamentando o exercício da teleodontologia no país. A Resolução apresenta impasses e discussões quanto aos meios de assistência e suas vedações referentes a atuação dos profissionais. Conclui-se que a Resolução CFO-226/2020 reafirmou princípios éticos e legais quanto a prática odontológica descrita nas principais normas da classe e que, apesar das vedações apresentadas, a mesma se configura como um guia específico para realização das atividades laborais odontológicas referentes à teleodontologia

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the state of pandemic caused by the new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). In this scenario, teledentistry stood out as a mechanism for promoting dental care during the most critical period of the pandemic. This study aims to present, through a literature review, the ethical and legal aspects relevant to its use in Brazil. Teledentistry was already available in Brazil before the COVID-19 pandemic, but the Federal Council of Dentistry (CFO) did not regulate it. On June 4th, 2020, the Resolution CFO-226/2020 was drafted, which regulated the exercise of teledentistry in the Brazilian territory. The resolution presents impasses and discussions regarding the means of assistance and its prohibitions referring the performance of professionals. It is concluded that the resolution CFO-226/2020 reaffirmed ethical and legal principles respected by the dental practice described in the main norms of the class. Moreover, despite the prohibitions presented in Resolution CFO-226/2020, it is configured as a specific guide for carrying out dental work activities related to teledentistry

Conhecimento dos estudantes de odontologia do estado do Amazonas a respeito do Código de Ética Odontológica / Knowledge of dentistry students in the state of Amazonas regarding the Code of Ethics in Dentistry

O conhecimento do Código de Ética Odontológica pelos acadêmicos é relevante na sua formação, pois os conflitos éticos na prática profissional são recorrentes e tem sido observado um aumento nas denúncias relacionadas a infrações éticas nos Conselhos Regionais de Odontologia. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o conhecimento sobre o Código de Ética Odontológica por alunos do último ano de Odontologia do Estado do Amazonas. A pesquisa foi realizada em Manaus, por meio de um questionário contendo quinze situações a serem analisadas a luz do Código de Ética Odontológica. Participaram quatro diferentes cursos de graduação, totalizando 257 alunos. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. A questão com maior quantidade de erros, 56%, foi em relação à publicidade e propaganda. E a questão com maior quantidade de acertos, 97%, foi referente à emissão de atestado falso. Pode-se concluir que os alunos possuem conhecimento sobre o Código de Ética Odontológica, com uma média de 73% de acertos

The knowledge of the Code of Ethics in Dentistry by undergraduate students is necessary since ethical issues in dental practice routinely happen. There has been an increase in complaints about ethical infractions in the Regional Councils of Dentistry. The objective was to evaluate the knowledge about the Code of Ethics in Dentistry by students in Amazonas State. The research was conducted in Manaus with a questionnaire with 15 questions, about situations implicating the Code of Ethics. A total of 4 schools and 257 students answered the questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The question that got the worst result was concerning marketing and publicity (56% incorrect answers). And the issue about false medical certificates obtained 97% of correct answers. In general, it can be concluded that the students have acceptable knowledge about the Code of Ethics, evidencing an average of 73% of correct answers

Reconocimiento docente de los valores éticos y morales en la formación curricular de la carrera de odontología de la Universidad de Viña del Mar, Chile / Teaching recognition of ethical and moral values in the curriculum training of the dentistry career of the Universidad de Viña del Mar, Chile

El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la coherencia entre lo declarado por los programas de estudios de pregrado en la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad de Viña del Mar, en relación a los valores éticos y morales y, cómo son reconocidos efectivamente por los docentes en los estudiantes. El diseño de investigación corresponde a un estudio descriptivo y transversal. Para esto se adaptaron dos instrumentos, el primero: "cuestionario sobre percepción en la categorización de valores" que busca determinar la importancia que le dan los docentes a los valores. Mientras que en el segundo: "Encuesta sobre valores en estudiantes de odontología" solicita que cada docente evalúe la frecuencia con que se manifiestan ciertos valores éticos y morales en sus estudiantes. Se consideraron los 28 académicos que constituyen la totalidad del universo de docentes clínicos de los cursos de 4to y 5to años de la carrera de odontología en el año 2019. Se discuten los resultados comparándolos con experiencias similares en otras instituciones. Los resultados muestran la percepción y el reconocimiento de los valores por parte del cuerpo docente en los estudiantes, donde se identificó que los valores incorporados de mejor manera son la dignidad, el trato humano y el dialogo; mientras que la autocrítica y el conocimiento fueron los menos incorporados, estos son clave para establecer reflexión y mejoras en los planes de estudio. Se marca el punto de inicio para la generación de futuras líneas de investigación que incorporen otros aspectos como la perspectiva de los pacientes, los estudiantes, así como también continuar recabando información para utilizar metodologías que puedan contribuir a la integración de valores y poner en debate la importancia de ellos en la formación de pregrado.

The aim of this article is to determine the coherence between what is declared by the undergraduate study programs in the Dentistry career at the University of Viña del Mar, in relation to ethical and moral values and how they are effectively recognized by teachers in the students. The research design corresponds to a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Two instruments were adapted for this, the first: "questionnaire on perception in the categorization of values" that seeks to determine the importance that teachers give to values. While in the second: "Survey on values in dentistry students" requests that each teacher evaluates the frequency of certain ethical and moral values which are manifested in their students. 28 academics constituting the entire universe of clinical teachers of the 4th and 5th year courses of dentistry career in 2019 were considered. The results were discussed, comparing them with similar experiences in other institutions. Results show the perception and recognition of the values by the teaching staff in the students. These values incorporated in the best way were dignity, humane treatment and dialogue; while self-criticism and knowledge were the least incorporated. These are key values to establish a reflection and subsequent improvements in the study plans. This article marks a starting point for the generation of future lines of research that incorporate other aspects such as the perspective of patients, students, as well as continuing to collect information to use methodologies that can contribute to the integration of values and put them into a debate about the importance of them in undergraduate training.

Criterios exigidos en revistas odontológicas venezolanas para la publicación de la fotografía extraoral en casos clínicos / Criteria required in Venezuelan dental journals for the publication of the extraoral photographs in case reports

Objetivo. Describir los criterios exigidos en revistas odontológicas venezolanas para la publicación de la fotografía clínica extraoral en los casos clínicos publicados en el periodo 2010-2021. Métodos. Investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, alcance descriptivo y transversal. Se analizaron artículos científicos que incluyeran fotografías clínicas extraorales publicadas en revistas odontológicas venezolanas entre 2010 y 2021. Resultados. Se observó exigencia por parte de la editorial en las estrategias de preservación de identidad del paciente, sumado al uso del consentimiento informado para las publicaciones de fotografías clínicas extraorales de casos clínicos. Conclusiones. La revista Acta Odontológica hace mayor uso de consentimiento informado, además de utilizar el enmascaramiento y anonimato como método de preservación de la identidad en sus publicaciones.

Objective. To describe the criteria required in Venezuelan dental journals for the publication of extraoral clinical photography in clinical cases published in the period 2010- 2021. Methods. Research with a quantitative approach, descriptive scope, and cross-sectional design. Scientific articles that included extraoral clinical photographs published in Venezuelan dental journals between 2010 and 2021 were analyzed. Results. There was a need from the publisher in the strategies of preservation of the patient's identity, and to the use of informed consent for the publication of photographs. extraoral clinics of clinical cases. Conclusions. The Acta Odontológica journal makes greater use of in- formed consent, in addition to using masking and anonymity as a method of identity preservation in its publications.

Guia ético para publicidade odontológica nas mídias sociais / Ethical guide for dental advertising in the social media

Introdução: As redes sociais virtuais são plataformas que contribuem com propaganda e popularidade, em benefício aos cirurgiões-dentistas. Cerca de 70% dos brasileiros têm acesso à Internet, o que facilita a realização da propaganda, nas mídias sociais, que podem alcançar maior número de pessoas com o menor investimento possível. O Código de Ética Odontológica explica que toda comunicação e divulgação em Odontologia deverá obedecer ao disposto neste Código. A resolução 196/2019 trouxe mudanças a respeito de publicações de imagens em redes sociais. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo a elaboração de um guia baseado no código de ética odontológica (CFO-118/2012), e nas Resoluções de CFO-196/2019 e CFO-237/2022. Material e método: O guia para cirurgiões-dentistas, orientando a publicidade nas mídias sociais digitais, teve organização pelo primeiro autor: JL e, após revisão feita pelo segundo autor (LE), houve um consenso entre os autores. O site de design gráfico CANVA (Sydney, Austrália-2012) foi a plataforma para a elaboração das páginas do Guia com fontes chamativas, coloridas, imagens e ícones de chamamento de atenção às ressalvas e proibições. O guia foi disponibilizado, à comunidade de interesse, com a publicação deste artigo. Apresentação e importância do guia: O guia teve informações dispostas em: 1) Introdução ao guia; 2) Permitido nas publicações; 3) Proibido nas publicações; e 4) Considerações finais a profissionais e acadêmicos. Conclusão: O "Guia ético para publicidade odontológica nas mídias sociais", elaborado, neste trabalho, com subsídio didático-pedagógico, pode contribuir, na postura e prática deontológica nas mídias sociais na internet

Introduction: Virtual social networks are platforms that contribute to advertising and popularity, benefiting dentists. About 70% of Brazilians have access to the Internet, which facilitates advertising on social media, which can reach a greater number of people with the least possible investment. The Dental Code of Ethics explains that all communication and disclosure in Dentistry must comply with the provisions of this Code. Resolution 196/2019 brought changes regarding image postings on social networks. Objective: This work aimed to develop a guide based on the dental code of ethics (CFO-118/2012), and on the Resolutions of CFO-196/2019 and CFO-237/2022. Material and method: The guide for dentists, guiding advertising on digital social media, was organized by the first author: JL and, after review by the second author (LE), there was a consensus among the authors. The graphic design website CANVA (Sydney, Australia-2012) was the platform for the elaboration of the Guide pages with eye-catching, colorful fonts, images and icons calling attention to the caveats and prohibitions. The guide was made available to the community of interest with the publication of this article. Presentation and importance of the guide: The guide had information arranged in: 1) Introduction to the guide; 2) Allowed in publications; 3) Prohibited in publications; and 4) Final considerations to professionals and academics. Conclusion: The "Ethical guide for dental advertising on social media", elaborated in this work, with didactic-pedagogical subsidy, can contribute to the deontological posture and practice in social media on the internet